Baudrillard and Post Modernism

 Post Modernism

• Irony
• Parody – without respect, often making fun
• Homage – paying respect from genre / style / product.
• Bricolage – sampling and using older media products to create a new one.
• Intertextual References
• Fragmented narrative – nonlinear / chronological structure. May include flashbacks, crosscut scenes etc.
• Self-reflexivity – aware they are in a media product, direct address breaking the fourth wall. May talk to other characters about being in a media product.
• Common Themes – what if ….?
• Loss of reality – lack of verisimilitude (lacks realism)
• Tends to be a product from the 80’s 90’s and onwards.

 

Baudrillard

• Reality VS Artificial
• Loss of reality, used to be real stories and people everything has become heightened reality however still has elements of reality, and then there is simulacra = Artificial copies not really linked to reality.
•  Simulacra become hard to find the difference from reality = hyperreality.
• Audiences prefer simulacra to reality.
• Simulacra = plural
• Simulacrum = single

 

Links to set texts:

 

Stranger Things

• Is a simulacrum, the plot if far removed from reality, although there are traces of it.
• Intertextual references to numerous movies.
• Pays homage to the 80’s.
• Fragmented narrative
• Common surreal themes

 

Titanium

• Is a simulacrum, the plot if far removed from reality, although there are traces of it.
• Pays homage to Super 8 and the 80s
• Intertextual references to Super 8

 

Stop Where You Are

• Self-reflexivity - direct address/ breaking the fourth wall
• Fragmented narrative

 

Jungle Book

• Is a simulacrum, the plot if far removed from reality
• Bricolage of the original movie and book
• Pays homage to the book / movie.

 

Minecraft

• Is a simulacrum, the plot if far removed from reality
• Parody to various media products fan made
• Homage to various media products fan made

Newspaper Revision

 

News Theorists

News Theorists

Stuart Hall

• Stereotypes are used and created by the media. 
• Ethnic Minorities are portrayed as dangerous.
• Dominant hegemonic groups.
• Stereotypes formed as a result of inequality of power.
• Representation of "Other" people tend to be stereotypical.

Dominant Ideology 

The dominant group that holds positions of power within social institutions ( owns production of cultural products. )

 --- Middle aged ; Caucasian ; Male ; Heterosexual ; Able bodied .

Van Zoonen

•  Discourse is the communication from the media 
• Historical cultural context change ideas about gender 
• Women are objectified  in the media 
•  Patriarchal culture 
• Domestic//emotional // nurturing

Neale and Gerbner

STEVE NEALE

Steve Neale states that genre is made of repetition and difference. Genre is defined by how much it conforms to the genres conventions and stereotypes. 

An example of Steve Neale's theory is shaun of the dead as all though it is a zombie horror it also features a lot of comedy.

For example, Joker, is a hybrid It has classic comic moments but also has aspects of a thriller or comedy. 

George Gerbner

 Cultivation theory

The idea that exposure to repeated patterns over a long period of time can shape and influence the way in which people perceive the world. Media messages are directly injected but are built up by a series of repetition and enforcing the message.

key word - hegemony

For example, television messages about violence are likely to be especially resonant to an individual who lives in a city with a high-crime rate. Between the television message and the real-life crime rate, cultivation effects will be amplified, enhancing the belief that the world is a mean and scary place.

Bandura Theory

Albert Bandura

Moral Panic

Definition-

An instance of public anxiety or alarm in response to a problem regarded as threatening the moral standards of society.

Moral Panic occurs when someone or something is defined by the media as a threat to the values or interests of society. 

For example, the brawl between in the mods and rockers of the sixties. 

Hypodermic needle theory

The Hypodermic needle theory is a linear communication theory that suggests that media messages are injected directly into the brains of passive audiences.

The media is seen as powerful and able to ‘inject’ ideas into an audience who are seen as weak and passive and could be influenced by a message. 

For example, in Nazi Germany in the 1930’s and during World War 2 films were used to ‘inject’ propaganda ideas promoting the Nazi cause to the German audience. Today we still see party political broadcasts on television during elections.

Marilyn Manson

Marilyn Manson is a well known artist who has an extreme tough persona as the frontman of a well known band. 
On April 20, 1999, Columbine High School students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold shot dead 12 students and a teacher and wounded 24 others, before committing suicide. Immediately after the massacre, significant blame was directed at the band and, specifically, at its outspoken front-man.
Early media reports alleged that the shooters were fans, and were wearing the group's T-shirts during the massacre. Although these claims were later proven to be false, news outlets continued to run sensationalist stories with headlines such as "Killers Worshipped Rock Freak Manson" and "Devil-Worshipping Maniac Told Kids To Kill."

Natural Born Killers

The movie starring well known actor Woody Harrelson was released in August of 1994 stirred up controversy as it was released after OJ Simpson's flee from justice. It was said to feed the publics cruel fascination with carnage.