Representation

https://drive.google.com/file/d/18-7z2OD6VQi3IOKjoRA_ETeoQtFIol5Y/view?usp=sharing

Neale and Gerbner

STEVE NEALE

Steve Neale states that genre is made of repetition and difference. Genre is defined by how much it conforms to the genres conventions and stereotypes. 

An example of Steve Neale's theory is shaun of the dead as all though it is a zombie horror it also features a lot of comedy.

For example, Joker, is a hybrid It has classic comic moments but also has aspects of a thriller or comedy. 

George Gerbner

 Cultivation theory

The idea that exposure to repeated patterns over a long period of time can shape and influence the way in which people perceive the world. Media messages are directly injected but are built up by a series of repetition and enforcing the message.

key word - hegemony

For example, television messages about violence are likely to be especially resonant to an individual who lives in a city with a high-crime rate. Between the television message and the real-life crime rate, cultivation effects will be amplified, enhancing the belief that the world is a mean and scary place.

Industries

Long Form TV Drama

Feedback:

Ofcom is the regulator for the communications services that we use and rely on each day.


We make sure people get the best from their broadband, home phone and mobile services, as well as keeping an eye on TV and radio.

Video Games

Film

Bandura Theory

Albert Bandura

Moral Panic

Definition-

An instance of public anxiety or alarm in response to a problem regarded as threatening the moral standards of society.

Moral Panic occurs when someone or something is defined by the media as a threat to the values or interests of society. 

For example, the brawl between in the mods and rockers of the sixties. 

Hypodermic needle theory

The Hypodermic needle theory is a linear communication theory that suggests that media messages are injected directly into the brains of passive audiences.

The media is seen as powerful and able to ‘inject’ ideas into an audience who are seen as weak and passive and could be influenced by a message. 

For example, in Nazi Germany in the 1930’s and during World War 2 films were used to ‘inject’ propaganda ideas promoting the Nazi cause to the German audience. Today we still see party political broadcasts on television during elections.

Marilyn Manson

Marilyn Manson is a well known artist who has an extreme tough persona as the frontman of a well known band. 
On April 20, 1999, Columbine High School students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold shot dead 12 students and a teacher and wounded 24 others, before committing suicide. Immediately after the massacre, significant blame was directed at the band and, specifically, at its outspoken front-man.
Early media reports alleged that the shooters were fans, and were wearing the group's T-shirts during the massacre. Although these claims were later proven to be false, news outlets continued to run sensationalist stories with headlines such as "Killers Worshipped Rock Freak Manson" and "Devil-Worshipping Maniac Told Kids To Kill."

Natural Born Killers

The movie starring well known actor Woody Harrelson was released in August of 1994 stirred up controversy as it was released after OJ Simpson's flee from justice. It was said to feed the publics cruel fascination with carnage.

Boyz 'N The Hood H/W

Semiotics have been used in the opening scene. The scene opens with facts about the black males killing each other amongst a black screen, Then shows a stop sign. Of course this a road sign however the connations of this may be that the director/producers are telling African American men to stop fighting and fight the bigger issue at hand.
Before the scene starts we hear a conversation between two men about to shoot someone else followed by gun shots and a child crying that their brother has been shot. We only see darkness whilst this plays, it could be to show the audience the point of view of the children who we learn heard a shooting the night before. The lack of lighting creates a tense atmosphere, we are just as 'in the dark' as the children.
Race plays a big role in this movie. The contrast between the teacher and mother during a phone call clearly demonstrates the divide between the two races. Although the mother is well educated and is studying for her masters degree, the school teacher who is less educated speaks down to her and assumes she isn't employed. We can see Tre's mother is not what the teacher expects from her costume, she is dressed as a middle class woman.  The teacher also assumes Tre is short tempered because of problems at home. Whilst this conversation is taking place we see Tre walking past a group of men fighting over a game. It is clear that in this community it is normal for men and boys to fight regularly, however the teacher is so far removed from them she can not grasp that it is a quality constructed by their current way of life.
The children come across a crime scene where a man or multiple have been shot. To them this a normal occurrence in their neighbourhood, however young children typically are not exposed to such violence. We are empathetic towards the children for having to live in such conditions.
The blood on the street fades out into the red crayon in a drawing of a man in a coffin along with other dark images drawn by the kids. This transition shows that what these kids see affects them subconsciously as the children draw blood and death instead of sunny skies and happy families. It also shows again that this is a regular occurrence for them as they carry on their day as per usual despite what they have seen.
As previously mentioned drawings of a man in a coffin, an African american man surrendering to the police and a police helicopter are displayed on the walls of the classroom. These images show that the children do not have a  regular childhood. They are constantly surrounded by death, violence and crime, therefore the perception of the world is solely based on that, hence the drawings.

Editing

Editing

Screen time

Transitions

Order of narrative

Pace

SFX

Screen time is often an indicator of who is important to the story line. 

Transitions can be linked to pace, a fast pace might indicate an action sequence. Straight transitions are the most common transition it's the most like reality.

The order in which the story is told is important, it can be chronological, it may contain flashbacks, or it could start from the end of the story and work backwards.

Pace can indicate the mood of a scene, if it's slow the scene is probably sad. 

Special effects are highly used in sci-fi, fantasy, and horror movies. 

Representation

Representation

Disability

Regionalism

Class

Age

Gender

Ethnicity

Sexuality

Stereotype = Media uses stereotypes as visual shortcuts, it is easy for the audience to understand. They are repeated so often that people often believe they are normal and a true representation of that specific group of people.

Archetypes = The 'Ultimate' stereotype.

Counter-type = Goes against traditional stereotypes.

For example:

All women are airheads that think about artificial subjects like shopping, their hair and their body. Their only purpose is to fawn over the male species. There are many forms of media that represent women this way.

Another stereotype in media is that transgender woman is a deceitful character and changes genders to deceive the straight male. Like in Ace Ventura Pet Detective the antagonist is pretending to be a woman in order to commit criminal acts.

A counter-type of this is the new series Pose, in which we see the hardships of gay men and transgender women during the aids epidemic in New York.